Test ID: 13
What percentage of U.S. adults is considered obese?
The quickest, least expensive, and and most reliable measure of body fatness is ___.
- Impedance
- Underwater weighing
- Body mass index
- Indirect calorimetry
An individual is considered obese at which of the following BMI levels?
- Greater than or equal to 27.9 kg/m²
- Greater than or equal to 30 kg/m²
- Greater than or equal to 34.9 kg/m²
- All of the above
- None of the above
Which of the following BMI indicate extreme obesity (Class III obesity)?
- ≥ 15 kg/m²
- ≥ 20 kg/m²
- ≥ 30 kg/m²
- ≥ 40 kg/m²
Which of the following BMI indicate overweight?
Individuals who weigh 20% or more than their ideal body weight have an increased risk of dying estimated at ____ compared to that of people of normal weight.
- 2-4 times
- 3-6 times
- 5-10 times
- 8-12 times
Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when an individual has three or more of the following heart disease risk factors: waist circumference that is greater than or equal to 40 for men or that is greater than or equal to 35 for women, blood pressure of greater than or equal to 130 systolic or greater than or equal to 85 diastolic (or on medication for hypertension), HDL cholesterol of less than 40 mg/dL for men or less than 50 for women (or undergoing treatment for low HDL level), triglycerides of greater than or equal to 150 (or undergoing treatment for elevated triglycerides), and/or fasting plasma glucose of greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL (or undergoing treatment for elevated glucose).
What is the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults age 60 and older?
What percentage of adults age 20 and older in the U.S. met the criteria for metabolic syndrome between 2003-2006?
When counseling patients for weight reduction, they should be counseled on which of the following?
- Diet
- Exercise
- Lifestyle modification
- Medications and other treatments
- All of the above
Evidence supports weight loss for individuals who are overweight or obese to reduce:
- Blood pressure
- Blood glucose
- Serum triglycerides
- All of the above
- None of the above
There is strong evidence that providing frequent medical nutrition therapy sessions for a minimum of ___ months or until goals for weight loss are achieved provides more success for weight loss and maintenance of weight loss.
- 3 months
- 6 months
- 9 months
- 12 months
Strong evidence supports individualizing weight loss goals to achieve ____ in the first 6 months.
- 2 pound weight loss/week and an initial goal of ≥ 15% loss of body weight from baseline
- 2 pound weight loss/week and an initial goal of < 10% loss of body weight from baseline
- 1-2 pound weight loss/week and an initial goal of ≥ 10% loss of body weight from baseline
- 1-2 pound weight loss/week and an initial goal of ≤ 10% loss of body weight from baseline
What is considered the ideal method for determining resting energy expenditures?
- Direct calorimetry
- Indirect calorimetry
- Underwater weighing
- None of the above
Which is the most reliable mathematical calculation of resting metabolic rate in healthy adults?
- Harris-Benedict
- Mifflin St. Jeor
- Ireton Jones
- None of the above
Strong evidence supports individualizing a ________ diet as part of a comprehensive management program.
- Low carbohydrate, high protein diet that is 500-1000 calories below estimated energy needs
- Reduced calorie diet of 500-1000 calories below estimated energy needs
- Low calorie diet that is a minimum of 1000 calories below estimated energy needs
- All of the above
A low glycemic index diet is effective and is therefore recommended as part of a comprehensive weight management program for either weight loss or maintenance of weight loss.
Evidence indicates that for long term weight loss, 35% or less of calories should come from carbohydrates.
Nutrient density is the ratio of nutrients to total energy, therefore, nutrient dense foods:
- Include vegetables, fruits and whole grains
- Are lower in calories
- Exclude sugar sweetened beverages
- All of the above
- None of the above
Protein needs in the obese may vary depending on which of the following?
- Renal status
- Presence of hepatic disease
- Presence of a pressure ulcer or wound
- All of the above
- None of the above
There is limited research available to provide specific fluid guidelines for the obese individual.
Obesity rates have risen dramatically in older American men over 75 years of age at a rate of ___ from 1998-1994 to 2007-2008.
Sarcopenic obesity is age related loss of skeletal muscle mass coupled with obesity.
Clinicians need to carefully weigh the risks versus benefits of obesity treatment in older adults. The safety of weight reduction must be the priority to avoid:
- Protein malnutrition
- Vitamin/mineral deficiencies
- Potential complications such as weakness and falls
- All of the above
- None of the above
Weight loss medication may lead to an average weight loss of ___ pounds more than what an individual might lose with non-drug obesity treatments.
- 5 pounds
- 10 pounds
- 15 pounds
- Over 25 pounds
Maximum weight loss usually occurs within _______ months of starting medication treatment.
FDA approved medications for weight loss can be broken into two categories: appetite suppressants and lipase inhibitors.
Lipase inhibitors work by reducing the body's ability to absorb _____ by about one-third.
- Dietary carbohydrate
- Dietary fat
- Calories
- All of the above
- None of the above
Metformin has been shown to reduce hunger and food intake.
Orlistat is the only weight loss medication approved for longer-term use in patients who are significantly obese.
Candidates for bariatric surgery include those with a BMI of _____ or higher.
Combined bariatric surgery operations use stomach restriction and a partial bypass of the small intestine.
Which of the following surgeries utilizes a band that is inflated with a salt solution?
- Vertical sleeve gastrectomy
- Adjustable gastric banding
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
- Biliopancreatic diversion
Expected weight loss for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass may range from _______.
Research indicates that about _____ of patients who underdo bariatric surgery may have unsatisfactory weight loss or regain much of the weight that they lost.
The first two days post-operatively, the individual is generally NPO, and after that they are allowed only sips of ____ room temperature liquid at a time.
- 1 ounce
- 1-2 ounces
- 2-3 ounces
- 4 ounces